So, what is Acne?
Acne is a skin condition that affects millions of people around the world, characterized by blackheads, pimples, pustules and, in more severe cases, cysts. Although it is most common during adolescence, it can also occur in adults. Often, acne is not only a physical problem, but also an emotional one, impacting the self-esteem of those who suffer from it. Understanding its causes, the types of lesions and how to treat it is the first step towards healthier skin.
What causes acne?
Acne occurs when the hair follicles in the skin become clogged with sebum (natural oil produced by the sebaceous glands) and dead skin cells. However, there are several factors that contribute to the development of acne:
1. Hormonal changes - Changes in hormone levels, especially androgens (male sex hormones present in both men and women), can increase sebum production. This is why acne is common during puberty, pregnancy, menstruation, and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
2. Genetic factors - Genetic predisposition also plays an important role. If your parents or siblings had acne, you are more likely to have it too.
3. Dead skin cell buildup - When dead skin cells are not removed properly, they can build up and block pores, contributing to acne.
4. Bacteria - The bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (or Cutibacterium acnes ) lives on the skin and when it gets trapped in blocked pores, it can cause inflammation, resulting in more severe pimples.
5. Use of comedogenic products - Cosmetics and skin care products that clog pores can make acne worse. Heavy makeup, greasy creams and even unsuitable sunscreens can be culprits.
6. Stress - Stress doesn't directly cause acne, but it can make an existing condition worse. It stimulates the production of hormones, such as cortisol, which increase the skin's oil production.
7. Diet - Studies suggest that a diet high in refined carbohydrates, sugar, and dairy products may worsen acne in some people. Foods that are high on the glycemic index may also increase inflammation in the skin.
Types of Acne
Different types of acne vary in severity and treatment. Knowing the types helps you adopt the appropriate strategies.
1. Blackheads (open comedones) - Blackheads are blocked pores that oxidize and darken when exposed to air.
2. Pimples (Closed Comedones) - Pimples are blocked pores that remain under the skin, resulting in small, white bumps.
3. Pustules - Inflamed lesions that contain pus, resulting in raised red bumps with a white or yellow tip.
4. Papules - Small red bumps on the skin, without visible pus, resulting from inflammation in the pores.
5. Nodules - Deep, painful lesions that occur when pores become deeply clogged, causing inflammation.
6. Cysts - More severe forms of acne, with large pus-filled lesions. Cysts are painful and can leave scars.
How to Treat Acne
Acne treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the lesions, and may involve both topical care and oral treatments.
1. Daily cleansing and gentle exfoliationRegular cleansing with gentle, oil-free products is essential. This helps to remove excess sebum and dead skin cells. Exfoliation once or twice a week is recommended to unclog pores, but should be done gently to avoid irritation.
2. HydrationEven oily skin needs hydration. Opt for oil-free, non-comedogenic products that won't clog pores.
3. Topical treatments with effective ingredients- Salicylic acid: A beta-hydroxy acid that helps unclog pores and reduce inflammation.
- Benzoyl peroxide: Kills acne-causing bacteria and reduces swelling.
- Retinoids: Stimulate cell renewal and prevent pore blockages. Used primarily at night, products such as adapalene and tretinoin are effective against blackheads and whiteheads.
- Niacinamide: An anti-inflammatory that soothes the skin and controls oil production.
- Sulfur: Reduces oiliness and unclogs pores, ideal for mild acne.
In moderate to severe cases, see a dermatologist, who may recommend oral antibiotics to fight bacteria or, for women, birth control pills to regulate hormones. In severe cases of cystic acne, they may prescribe isotretinoin, a powerful medication that reduces sebum production.
Ingredients to Avoid
Some ingredients can aggravate acne, causing clogged pores or irritation. Avoid:
- Heavy oils , such as mineral oil and lanolin, which can block pores.
- Alcohol , which dries out and irritates the skin, stimulating excessive oil production.
- Parabens , preservatives that can irritate sensitive skin.
- Harsh exfoliants , which can increase inflammation and sensitivity.
Acne and Korean Cosmetics: Ingredients That Can Help or Worsen It
The Korean skincare routine is known for its multi-step approach and use of innovative, natural ingredients. Many of these products contain ingredients that can be beneficial for acne-prone skin, while others can aggravate the condition. If you suffer from acne and are exploring the world of Korean cosmetics, it’s important to understand which ingredients to look for and which ones to avoid.
Korean Ingredients That Help Fight Acne:
1. Centella Asiatica (Cica) - Centella asiatica is one of the most popular ingredients in Korean cosmetics. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, healing and soothing properties, making it ideal for sensitive and acne-prone skin. Centella helps reduce redness and inflammation, promoting healing of lesions without irritating the skin.
2. Salicylic Acid (BHA) - Salicylic acid, also known as beta-hydroxy acid (BHA), is widely used in Korean products for oily and acne-prone skin. It is oil-soluble, which allows it to penetrate pores and remove excess sebum and dead skin cells, preventing pore clogging and new lesions from forming.
3. Tea Tree Oil - Tea tree oil is known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It fights acne-causing bacteria, such as Cutibacterium acnes , while reducing inflammation in acne lesions. Many Korean products contain this oil in concentrations suitable for sensitive skin.
4. Propolis Extract - Propolis, a substance produced by bees, is known for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often found in Korean cosmetics and can help soothe the skin, reduce redness, and fight acne-causing bacteria.
5. Mandelic Acid - Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) often used in Korean cosmetics for gentle exfoliation. It’s less irritating than other AHAs, like glycolic acid, and can help unclog pores without causing inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive and acne-prone skin.
If you are unsure about which products to use, take your online test here or contact us via Whatsapp for personalized advice.
Acne has a variety of causes, including hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors. Fortunately, there are many treatment options that, when combined with a good skincare routine, can help control and even prevent future flare-ups. Remember, treating acne requires patience and consistency, and in more severe cases, follow-up with a dermatologist is essential.